Dendroica townsendi
(Townsend's Warbler)

Physical Description:
4 1/4-5" (11-13 cm). Black and yellow-orange striped head; yellow-orange breast; streaking on flanks; dark olive-brown back and wings with two white wing bars; dark olive-brown tail with white outer edges. Females and immatures duller.

Similar Species- Hermit Warbler, Black- throated Gray Warbler

Song:
Call is a soft chip. Song is a rising series of buzzy notes.

Distribution:
Breeds from southeastern Alaska, south through western Canada to central and northeastern Oregon, northern Idaho, northwestern and south-central Montana, and northwestern Wyoming. Winters in central and southern California, western Mexico, and highlands of Central America.

Habitat:
Found in tall, coniferous and mixed coniferous/deciduous forests. During migration and in winter, found (primarily in montane situations) in humid forests, pine/oak associations, open woodlands, second growth and scrub. Preliminary results of Idaho-Montana study indicate species favors old- growth Douglas-fir stands over rotation-aged stands.

Diet:
Feeds mostly on insects (e.g., weevils, bugs, leafhoppers, caterpillars, etc.) and spiders. In winter, gleans small insects and caterpillars in foliage at all heights; hawks flying insects.

Ecology:
Builds cup-shaped nest in coniferous tree. Summer activity takes place in tops of trees.

clutch size is usually 3-5 eggs. Nestlings fledge in 8-10 days.

Conservation:

Element Code:	ABPBX03080
Status:	Protected nongame species
Global Rank:	G5
State Rank:	S4,NTMB
National Rank:	N5B,N?N

Important State References:
Hejl, S.J. and R.E. Woods. 1990. Bird assemblages in old-growth and rotation-aged Douglas-fir/Ponderosa pine stands in the northern Rocky Mountains: a preliminary assessment. Pp. 93-100 in D.M. Baumgartner and J.E. Lotan, eds., Proceedings of a Symposium on Interior Douglas-fir: the species and its management. Feb. 27, 1990, Spokane WA.