Oporornis tolmiei
(Macgillivray's Warbler)

Physical Description:
4 3/4-5 1/2" (12-14 cm). Slate gray head with black eye stripe that crosses white eye ring. Olive body, tinged yellow below. Male. Female.

Similar Species- Mourning Warbler, female Common Yellowthroat, arboreal Nashville Warbler.

Song:
A rolling chree-chree-chree-chree-chee-chee that ascends four notes and then drops for the last two.

Distribution:
Breeds from southeastern Alaska and western Canada, east to eastern Montana and southwestern South Dakota, and south (mainly in mountains) to southern California, central Arizona, and southern New Mexico. Winters in portions of Mexico and on Pacific side of Central America.

Found in coniferous forest undergrowth and edges, brushy hillsides, riparian thickets, and chaparral. During migration and in winter, found in variety of open woodland undergrowth, scrubby areas and thickets (often in cut-over or burned areas). Idaho study found species to be riparian habitat specialist, preferring dry, tall, willow areas with grasses and forbs.

Diet:
insectivorous.

Ecology:
Nests low in thick shrubs. Forages close to ground in dense vegetation.

Reproduction:
Female incubates 3-6 eggs (usually 4), for 11 days. Nestlings are altricial. Young are tended by both adults, and leave nest when 8-9 days old.

Conservation:

Element Code:	ABPBX11040
Status:	Protected nongame species
Global Rank:	G5
State Rank:	S5,NTMB
National Rank:	N5B

Important State References:
Douglas, D.C., J.T. Ratti, R.A. Black, and J.R. Alldredge. 1992. Avian habitat associations in riparian zones of Idaho's Centennial Mountains. Wilson Bull. 104:485-500.